kummersdorf

Kummersdorf is the name of an estate near Luckenwalde around 25km south of Berlin, in the Brandenburg region of Germany. Until 1945 Kummersdorf hosted the weapon office of the German Army which ran a development centre for future weapons as well as an artillery range.
In 1929 the Army Weapons Office in Berlin wanted rockets for military
purposes: in 1931 the test range at Kummersdorf took over the development of liquid fuel rockets type A1, A2 and A3 under the direction of Walter Dornberger. Wernher von Braun was at Kummersdorf from 1932 and developed a liquid fuel rocket in which the propellant was a high percentage of alcohol and liquid oxygen. He used this in his first experimental firing. In 1934 he fired successfully his second rocket, the A2, from the Frisian island of Borkum. On 16 July 1934, Dr. Kurt Wahmke and 2 assistants were killed and another assistant injured during a fuel test of a premixed hydrogen peroxide/alcohol propellant when the fuel tank exploded.
During 1936 von Braun's rocketry team working at Kummersdorf investigated installing liquid-fuelled rockets in aircraft. Ernst Heinkel
enthusiastically supported their efforts, supplying a He 72 and later two
He 112s for the experiments. Late in 1936 Erich Warsitz was seconded by the RLM to Wernher von Braun and Ernst Heinkel, because he had been recognized as one of the most experienced test-pilots of the time, and because he also had an extraordinary fund of technical knowledge.
The facility was too limited for advanced motor and flight testing, so in
1937 the group (now also supported by the Luftwaffe) moved to
Neuhardenberg (a large field about 70 kilometres east of Berlin, listed
as a reserve airfield in the event of war). In June 1937 the Heinkel He
112 was flown with its piston engine shut down during flight by test
pilot Erich Warsitz, at which time it was propelled by von Braun’s rocket
power alone. Despite the wheels-up landing and having the fuselage on
fire, it proved to official circles that an aircraft could be flown
satisfactorily with a back-thrust system through the rear.
In 1938 the group moved to Peenemünde on the island of Usedom on the
Baltic coast which offered much greater space and secrecy. After 1938
Kummersdorf was used for nuclear research. Along with the rest of East Germany, Kummersdorf was overrun by the Soviet Army in 1945. The Soviet military apparently maintained its installations here until the end of the Cold War.


Unit nuclear physics	Unit nuclear physics


Unit nuclear physics	Unit nuclear physics

Heeresversuchsstelle Kummersdorf-Gut: Versuchsstelle Gottow

Experimental Station Gottow the Research Department of the Army Weapons Office (HWA). This division is divided into five sections, which are in turn subdivided into units, were, as the Unit I nuclear physics, physics and unit Ib explosive shaped charges, etc. experiment was mainly due to new weapons developments such as rocket motors, grenade launchers, rifles remain in the field of electronics, sound and acoustics, and various chemicals.
The most famous experiments and developments test site were first developed under high involvement Wolfram Eschenbach N-material, an aggressive inorganic fluorine compound, which self-fire resistant materials are burned and built for a short time later a separate large underground plant Falkenhagen was. Secondly, the experiments Kurt thief agent in the development of a "uranium machine" to name in 3 trials (the trials GI to G III), he tried his team to a running nuclear reactor using a neutron source and cubes of natural uranium build.On 20/04/1945, the Army Research Office was Kummersdorf Gottow including the test site to evacuate. The test site Gottow by the Red Army, all existing facilities and equipment dismantled and confiscated. Some employees were asked for their scientific work in the Soviet Union to continue.
In 1955/56, the area was transformed into an arms depot and expanded.

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Ruins of "Prufstand Ost," the original rocket-testing facility in Kummersdorf.